HISTORY OF BIOMETRICS

1.                                       HISTORY OF BIOMETRICS

Idea of biometric was introduced hundreds, even thousands of years ago.In an cave estimated to be at least 31,000 years old,-painting representing the use of signature is found. In early as 500 B.C. – business transactions are recorded in clay tablets that include fingerprints.”Chinese parents also used fingerprints and footprints to differentiate children from one another. But true biometric systems began with the emergence of computer systems. 

•       1858       – First systematic capture of hand images for identification

•       1870       – develops anthropometries to identify individuals

•       1892       – develops a classification system for fingerprints

•       1896       – fingerprint classification system

•       1903       – NY State Prisons begin using fingerprints

•       1936       – Concept of using the iris pattern for identification

•       1960       – Face recognition becomes semi-automated

•       1960       – First model of acoustic speech production is created

•       1963       – Hughes research paper on fingerprint automation is published

•       1965       -Automated signature recognition research begins

•       1969       – FBI pushes to make fingerprint recognition an automated process

•       1998         - FBI launches COOlS (DNA forensic database)

•       2011         – Biometric identification used to identify body of Osama bin Laden

•       2013        – Apple includes fingerprint scanners into consumer- targed  Smartphones

The idea of using patterns for personal identification was originally proposed in 1936 by ophthalmologist Frank Burch. By the 1980’s the idea had appeared in James Bond films, but it still remained science fiction and conjecture. In 1987, two other ophthalmologists Aram Safir and Leonard Flom patented this idea and in 1987 they asked John Daugman to try to create actual algorithms for this iris recognition. These algorithms which Daugman patented in 1994 are the basis for all current iris recognition systems and products.   Daugman algorithms are owned by Iridian technologies and the process is licensed to several other Companies who serve as System integrators and developers of special platforms exploiting iris recognition in recent years several products have been developed for acquiring its images over a range of distances and in a variety of applications. One active imaging system developed in 1996 by licensee Sensor deployed special cameras in bank ATM to capture IRIS images at a distance of up to 1 meter. This active imaging system was installed in cash machines both by NCR Corps and by Diebold Corp in successful public trials in several countries during I997 to 1999. A new and smaller imaging device is the low cost “Panasonic Authenticam” digital camera for handheld, desktop, e-commerce and other information security applications. Ticket less air travel, check-in and security procedures based on iris recognition kiosks in airports have been developed by eye ticket. Companies in several, countries are now using Daughman’s algorithms in a variety of products.